• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The modular construction system for partition walls, walls, ventilated or isolated facades, consists of building partitions, walls and ventilated facades with bricks, panels, blocks, etc. that tongue and groove each other with their edges and/or tabs by means of plates, rods or hooks that carry close to the edges of the boards of the inside faces thereof. In the central area of the ridges and heads, they have grooves in which the plates or rods that tongue-and-groove with the adjacent bricks are introduced, or they are applied in their edges and/or testas some projections or V-projections that are coupled in holes also in V of the edges or heads of the adjacent bricks. An adhesive can be applied between the tongue and groove elements. The separation between groups of panels or bricks determines the chamber through which the air circulates or acts as an insulator.
    公开号:ES2690410A2
    申请号:ES201700003
    申请日:2016-12-16
    公开日:2018-11-20
    发明作者:Manuel MUÑOZ SÁIZ
    申请人:Manuel MUÑOZ SÁIZ；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    Modular construction system for partitions, walls, ventilated or insulated facades.
    Field of the Invention
    In the construction of partitions and walls of buildings and ventilated facades insulating heat and cold.
    State of the art
    At present, the construction of partitions and ventilated facades is difficult, slow and requires a high degree of specialization, and its use is not very widespread, despite being very ecological due to the great energy savings it provides. The present system eliminates or reduces the aforementioned problems and can be considered a continuation of the patent P201000615.
    Object of the invention and advantages
    Provide a brick and ventilated façade construction system that facilitates the construction in a simple, clean, economical and fast way.
    Apply coatings or coatings, insulating or not, to the exterior walls of bricks, panels, etc. In the factory itself. Especially useful in exposed brick.
    Use deep tongue grooves and no clearances that give great stability to the bricks, panels, etc., even without applying adhesives, using economical materials.
    Make the bricks, panels, etc. with insulating materials such as cellular concrete, thermo clay, wood, etc., placing them without difficulty and without needing large thicknesses.
    Build exterior walls with thermal, acoustic, moisture, vibration, etc. insulators. among them.
    Build the ventilated facades with simple bricks and easy manufacturing.
    The types of bricks, blocks, etc. used allow replacing them in case of breakage without having to disassemble the adjacent ones.
    Description of the invention
    The modular construction system for partitions, walls, ventilated or insulated facades of the invention consists in constructing the partitions, walls and ventilated facades with bricks, panels, blocks, etc. that tongue and groove each other with their edges and / or testas by means of plates, rods or hooks that carry close to the edges of the boards of their inner faces. In the central area of the ridges and testas they have grooves in which the plates or rods that are tongue and groove with the adjacent bricks are introduced, or either V-shaped projections or projections are applied in their edges and / or testas that are coupled in some hollows also in V of the songs or testas of the adjacent bricks. An adhesive can be applied between the tongue and groove elements.
    Preferably the bricks will be mounted locked.
    The bricks can be parallelepipeds or binoculars and have their edges and testas flat or forming a dihedral angle to favor airtightness and support.
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    Ventilated or insulated facades can be built with two brick walls or panels. The bricks or panels are kept separated by spacers or plastic separators or foams thereof, with which they are tongue and groove by the dovetail system, spherical or cylindrical elements that can be coupled under pressure. The sections of the ends of the separators can be partially circular or trapezoidal, and in the case of being of great length said separators can be placed vertically in order to avoid obstructing the air flow. In a variant the bricks, panels or blocks carry the ventilated chamber portion inside, this chamber communicates vertically with that of the other bricks, blocks, etc., placed on or under them.
    A variant uses the styrofoam bricks or side panels and once the internal chamber is constructed, it is filled with concrete, the polystyrene acts as an insulator and reduces the weight and the concrete gives consistency.
    The ventilation chamber in addition to reducing the weight, by the material used serves as insulation. Vertically placed the bricks are used, in the summer for the circulation of the ascending hot air through its interior and therefore through the interior of a ventilated facade, in winter the chamber remains sealed to act as a large insulating chamber from the outside cold. These chambers can be used for insulation especially if plastic foam is introduced, which also gives more consistency to the wall, wall or partition. There is a great economic and energy saving and therefore it is very ecological, favoring the environment.
    The joints between the side walls of the bricks, panels, etc. and the V-shaped and trapezoid projections or teeth can be manufactured with a recess or step.
    To improve thermal, acoustic insulation, etc. a strip or plate of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane or similar material is glued between the partition and the ceiling. The bricks can have external coating.
    Preferably the tongue and groove couplings when the materials allow it will be of great precision with little clearance, in other cases the insulating material is applied filling and trying to eliminate irregularities produced during cooking or curing on the surfaces, to provide a good coupling between bricks or panels.
    The coupling surfaces can also be filled and rectified leaving them flat and uniform with no differences from a standard pattern to provide a good fit, for this purpose an epoxy resin, rigid polyethylene foams, polystyrene or the like can be used. Grinding can be done when the material is still tender. Cellular concrete or thermo clay can be ground or modified without any other treatment.
    The coating layers can be applied on at least one of the outer surfaces, boards, edges or testes of the bricks, panels, etc. In a variant the plaster material is projected on one or both side faces.
    The cameras can be used for the passage of installations, pipes etc. perforations can be added.
    The insulating materials carry roughnesses or porosities in which the insulating material is deposited and adheres. They can also be striated.
    The system provides great stability even without applying the adhesive element; sometimes without the use of rulers or plumbs.
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    A flap valve can be placed on the ventilated facades, which opens with the rising hot air flow, overcoming the weight of the plate or plate thereof. Different types of bricks can be used, the most insulating are placed in the innermost part of the building. The bricks can be manufactured by extrusion, molding, etc.
    Preferably, cellular concrete, thermo clay or similar materials will be used, to which, in addition to the microspheres they carry, synthetic or natural reinforcing fibers can be added. Polystyrene, polyethylene, or similar foam spheres between 5 and 20 millimeters in diameter can be added during manufacturing. Subsequently, the external lateral faces of the bricks can be covered with a resistant and reinforcing insulating material. The mortar or cellular concrete is low cost and in addition to reducing its weight and increasing insulation it can be glued with cement mortar and other adhesives.
    The bricks or panels can be constructed with materials such as: Ceramics, glazed ceramic, stoneware, glazed stoneware, glazed stoneware, vermiculite, expanded clay, cement, concrete, mortar, concrete or cellular mortar, polymer concrete, marble, plaster, plasterboard, Laminated gypsum board reinforced or not with fiberglass, paper pulp, resin, epoxy resin, fiber cement, thermo clay, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyurethane foam, polyethylene, polyethylene foam, expanded PVC, polypropylene (fiber) , vegetable fibers, cellulosic foam, aluminum, fiber or glass wool, glass, gravels, pumice, calcium silicate, expanded perlite, slag or rock wool, wood, etc. and their mixtures. The same materials currently used in bricks and panels will be used as adhesives. To the bricks and panels they can be applied, in at least one of their faces, a layer of plaster, ceramic, enamel, elastomer, vindic, etc. facilitating the construction of plaster walls, tiling and the like.
    The bricks and panels can be obtained by molding, extrusion, injection, pressing, etc., the foams and liquid materials in general can be applied by projection, immersion, etc. The bricks will preferably be large.
    A large square or the typical plumb can be used to place the bricks. Brief description of the drawings
    Figure 1 shows a schematic and perspective view of a brick of the invention.
    Figures 1A to 3B show schematic and perspective views of variants of bricks, panels, etc.
    Figures 4 to 9A show schematic and partially sectioned views of variants of pairs of bricks or panels of the system of the invention.
    Figures 10 and 11 show schematic and partially sectioned views of variants of pairs of brick walls or panels of the system of the invention, assembled or tongue and groove forming the ventilated facades.
    Figures 12 to 19 show schematic and partially sectioned views of variants of pairs of brick walls or panels of the system of the invention, assembled or tongue and groove forming the ventilated facades.
    Figures 21 to 28 show schematic, partial and sectioned views of variants of portions of bricks or panels of the system of the invention, assembled earlier on the side of its tongue and groove edges with elements that surround and cover them.
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    Figures 29 through 30 show schematic and perspective views of variants of ventilated facades with the system of the invention.
    More detailed description of an embodiment of the invention
    Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention, the brick or panel (1a) with two grooves (11) in both edges and partially cylindrical projections (3a). They are assembled with other bricks by means of the plate (12) that are inserted into the grooves.
    Figure 1A shows the brick or panel (1y) with two grooves (11) in both edges and partially cylindrical projections (3a). The upper edge is finished in an angled cavity (13) and the lower edge with the protrusion or angled tooth (14). They are assembled with other bricks with the plate (12) that is inserted into the grooves.
    Figure 1B shows the brick or panel (1g) with two grooves (11) on both sides and the inclined ribs or projections of engagement on the inner face (3g) assembled with the projections of the facing bricks. The edges are assembled with other bricks by means of the plate (12) that are introduced into the grooves.
    Figure 2 shows two S-shaped bricks, (1z) assembled or tongue and groove with the hooks (20 and 21) at the ends of the inner face of the brick or panel.
    Figure 3 shows a solid brick or panel (1v) with its V-edges. On the inner face it carries the ribs (3d) or separator or spacer element to assemble with the opposite brick and constitute the ventilated or insulated facade.
    The bricks or panels of Figures 1, 1A, IB, 2 and 3 may have their V-tongue-and-groove testas or also with the groove and plate system of the invention.
    Figure 3A shows a brick or panel variant (1cv) which carries inside the cavity or chamber of the ventilated façade. On the walls of the edges the female tongue and groove (13a) and the male (14a) carry. In the testas he has the male tongue and groove (23) and the female (24).
    Figure 3B shows a brick, block or panel (1vv) with the integrated ventilated facade chamber. For the tongue and groove in the inner area of the edges of the lower edge of the adhesive, the plates (12a) that are tongue and groove vertically with the lower bricks are glued together with adhesive. In the figure. C are the songs, S the rope, Te the testa, Ta the table, Ti the blight and G the thickness of the brick.
    Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the invention with a pair of bricks or panels (the) which are fastened with the spacers (2a), whose ends are tongue and groove with the partially spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 5 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1b), which are fastened with the spacers (2b), whose ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical or cylindrical cavities (4b). An intermediate ventilation chamber is created Figure 5 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1b), which are fastened with the spacers (2b), whose ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical or cylindrical cavities (4b). An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
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    Figure 6 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1e), which are fastened with the spacers (2c), whose ends are tongue and groove with the dovetail-shaped cavities (4c). An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 7 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1d), which are fastened with the spacers (2d), whose ends are tongue and groove with the dovetail section projections (3d) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 8 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1a), which are fastened with the spacers (2f), whose ends are tongue and groove with the partially spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 9 shows a pair of spaced bricks or panels (1d), which are fastened with the spacers (2g) whose ends are tongue and groove with the dovetail section projections (3d) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 10 shows a ventilated facade constructed with two spaced brick walls or panels (1a), which are fastened with the spacers (2a) whose ends are tongue and groove with the partially spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. If the separators are plates they are perforated vertically.
    Figure 11 shows a ventilated facade constructed with two brick walls or spaced panels (lx), which are fastened with the spacers (2x) whose ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical or cylindrical cavities (3x) of the bricks, which exist in lateral external projections thereof. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 12 shows a ventilated façade constructed with two spaced brick walls or panels (1a), which are fastened with a frame (5) that supports separators whose ends are tongue and groove with the partially spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of the bricks on both sides of the ventilated chamber. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 13 shows a ventilated facade built with two brick walls or panels
    (la) spacing, which are fastened with a frame (6) that supports separators whose ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 14 shows a ventilated facade constructed with a brick or panel wall
    (lb) that is spaced apart on an already constructed wall of a building, both walls are held together by the spacers (2) embedded in the wall of the building and whose partially spherical or cylindrical outer ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical cavities or cylindrical (4b) of the bricks. A ventilation chamber is created
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    intermediate that allows vertical air circulation. The separators when they are plates are perforated vertically.
    Figure 15 shows a ventilated facade generated on an already constructed wall to which the outer wall formed by the bricks or panels (1g) is added with the inclined ribs or projections of engagement on the inner face (3g) that are supported by the inclined projections (14) applied to the old or already built wall.
    Figure 16 shows a ventilated facade constructed with two brick walls or panels (Ib) spaced apart, tongue and groove with the plates (12), which are fastened with the spacers (2b) whose ends are tongue and groove with partially spherical or cylindrical hollows of the bricks. An intermediate ventilation chamber is created that allows the vertical circulation of the air, having the outside entrance through the opening with a grill (8), ascending through the inside of the ventilated façade and going outside through the door (9) in the area upper after opening the flap valve (10).
    Figure 17 shows the ventilated façade (1v) with the projections or spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of bricks or tongue and groove panels by their V-edges. The inner frame (5) carries the elements that tongue and groove with the projections or projections ( 3a).
    Figure 18 shows the ventilated facade (1v) with the projections or spherical or cylindrical projections (3a) of bricks or tongue and groove panels by their V-edges. The inner frame (6) carries the elements that tongue and groove with the projections or projections ( 3a).
    Figure 19 shows the ventilated façade (1v) with the projections or rectangular or cylindrical projections with the walls (3m), of bricks or panels tongue and groove for their V-edges. The inner frame (5m) carries the elements that tongue and groove with the rectangular or cylindrical projections (3m).
    Figure 20 shows the ventilated facade (1v) with the projections or rectangular or cylindrical projections with the striated walls (3s) in the central area of each brick or panel, of bricks or panels tongue and groove by their V-edges. The inner frame (5s) carries the tongue and groove elements with rectangular or cylindrical projections (3s).
    Figure 21 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two hook-shaped ends (3di) take the form of a dovetail and are held by the element, cover or profile in the form of a dovetail (2di) .
    Figure 22 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two hooked ends (3di) take the form of a dovetail and are held by the element, cover or profile in the form of a dovetail (2hi) , which joins it to another wall.
    Figure 23 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two hooked ends (3di) take the form of a dovetail and are held by the element, cover or profile in the form of a double dovetail (2hh ), which joins it to another symmetrical wall with the first.
    Figure 24 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two L-shaped ends (3ai) take the form of a semicircular section and are held by the semicircular element, cover or profile (2ai).
    Figure 25 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two L-shaped ends (3ai) take the form of a semicircular section and are held by the semicircular element, cover or profile (2bi).
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    Figure 26 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two L-shaped ends (3ai) take the form of a semicircular section and are held by the semicircular element, cover or profile (2bi).
    Figure 27 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two L-shaped ends (3mi) take the form of a rectangular section with striations and are held by the element, cover or profile of a rectangular section (2mi).
    Figure 28 shows the wall or partition of bricks or panels (1i) whose two L-shaped ends (3ai) take the form of a semicircular section and are held by the semicircular element, cover or profile (2ai). The bricks add a second form of tongue and groove through the system of the grooves in the edges that serve as accommodation for the plates (12).
    Figure 29 shows a ventilated facade constructed with brick walls or spaced panels (1b), which are fastened with the spacers or rods (2p) whose ends are tongue and groove with the partially spherical hollows of the bricks or panels. The bricks or panels are tongue and groove together with the plates (12). The rods can be replaced by tongue and groove, cylindrical, semi-cylindrical or dovetail elements.
    In hollow bricks, or those formed with pairs that create the ventilated chambers, which are placed at the ends of the ventilated facades, walls or partitions, when they are cut they are filled with plastic foam and adhered to them so that the brick does not It weakens.
    The sections of the separators when they are partially cylindrical or of trapezoidal section and of great length, said separators can be placed vertically in order to avoid obstructing the air flow. In the figures the separation between bricks is greater than the real one to facilitate its interpretation. Although the figures show the bricks placed or sectioned vertically, these figures can be used to show the tongue and groove bricks horizontally, that is, horizontally sectioned.
    权利要求:
    Claims (27)
    [1]
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    1. Modular construction system for partitions, walls and facades ventilated, or insulated, consisting of bricks or panels tongue and groove together for their edges characterized in that the bricks, panels or blocks carry grooves in the central area of all their edges and testas , plates or rods, or projections or cavities in V.
    [2]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are parallelepiped and have their edges and flat heads.
    [3]
    3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are parallelepipeds or binoculars with their edges and testes forming a dihedral angle with wedge projections and the opposite ones a cavity of equal angle.
    [4]
    4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are solid, have integrated gas or air microspheres.
    [5]
    5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are crossed with transverse and / or longitudinal holes or perforations.
    [6]
    System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks have at their ends spacers or separators of plastic or plastic foam and their internal faces have the projections of spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, semi-cylindrical (3a) or dovetail section (3d)
    [7]
    7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks have at their ends spacers or separators of plastic or plastic foam and the cavities on the internal faces have a spherical, hemispherical, cylindrical, semi-cylindrical (2a) or dovetail (2d) shape. ).
    [8]
    System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks have the sections of the separators at their ends: circular, semicircular or trapecial and the spacers of the bricks are placed vertically or horizontally.
    [9]
    9. System according to claim 1, characterized in that teeth (3g) are placed on the inner face of the bricks or panels that rest or rest on others inverted on the inner side of the opposite bricks or panels on a ventilated facade.
    [10]
    10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ventilated facades formed by pairs of bricks or panels, the separators are assembled together forming a vertical frame and separator of two bricks.
    [11]
    11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilated facades are
    They build with hollow bricks.
    [12]
    12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the walls or partitions constructed with bricks are filled with plastic foams.
    [13]
    13. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the ventilated facades are
    they build with hollow bricks perforated by their central area vertically, having the tongue and groove by their upper and lateral edges.
    [14]
    14. System according to claim 11, characterized in that the ventilated facades are
    they build with bricks or hollow blocks with the cavities arranged vertically.
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    55
    [15]
    15. System according to claim 14, characterized in that in the cavities metal or plastic plates are placed that tongue and groove with the adjacent bricks vertically.
    [16]
    16. System according to claim 14, characterized in that plastic foam plates are placed on the sides of the cavities that tongue and groove with the adjacent bricks vertically.
    [17]
    17. System according to claim 14, characterized in that the bricks or blocks are tongue and groove laterally with each of their testes forming a dihedral angle, at one end the testa carries the male and in the opposite the female.
    [18]
    18. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks have an external coating of plaster, ceramic, enamel, vinyl or elastomer.
    [19]
    19. System according to claim 1, characterized in that an expanded polystyrene or polyurethane band or plate is placed between the wall or partition and the ceiling.
    [20]
    20. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks or panels are constructed with: Ceramics, glazed ceramics, stoneware, enameled stoneware, glazed stoneware, vermiculite, expanded clay, cement, concrete, mortar, concrete or cellular mortar, polymer concrete, marble , gypsum, plasterboard, laminated or non-fiberglass laminated gypsum board, paper pulp, resin, epoxy resin, fiber cement, thermo clay, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyurethane foam, polyethylene, polyethylene foam, PVC expanded, polypropylene (fiber), vegetable fibers, cellulosic foam, aluminum, wood, fiber or glass wool, glass, gravels, pumice, calcium silicate, expanded perlite, slag or rock wool and mixtures thereof.
    [21]
    21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks carry in the edges and probes some projections or projections in V that are coupled in some recesses also in V of the edges or testas of the adjacent bricks.
    [22]
    22. System according to claim 1, characterized in that on ventilated facades some spacers or separators of plastic or metal with the cavities or projections on the sides of the bricks are tongue and groove by the dovetail system, or with spherical or cylindrical elements.
    [23]
    23. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick surfaces are filled and their surfaces are rectified leaving them flat and uniform using an epoxy resin, rigid polyethylene or polystyrene foams.
    [24]
    24. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating layers are applied on at least one of the outer surfaces, boards, edges or testas of the bricks or panels.
    [25]
    25. System according to claim 1, characterized by placing a flap valve in the air outlet duct of the ventilated facades.
    [26]
    26. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are manufactured by extrusion, injection, pressing or molding.
    [27]
    27. System according to claim 20, characterized in that synthetic or natural reinforcing fibers, spheres of polystyrene, polyethylene, or other plastics of between 5 and 20 mm in diameter are added to the cellular or thermo-clay concrete and then the outer side faces of the bricks are covered with a resistant and insulating reinforcement material.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2690410B1|2019-10-29|
    ES2690410R1|2019-01-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT236311T|1995-06-21|2003-04-15|Phil Insul Corp|INSULATING COMPONENT OR BLOCK.|
    US6606835B1|2001-02-02|2003-08-19|Augustin J. Bilka|Blocks and walls constructed therewith|
    WO2008046932A1|2006-10-19|2008-04-24|Garate Garamendi Horacio Berna|Braced double-panel load-bearing wall made from wood|
    ES2393030B1|2010-05-10|2013-10-23|Manuel Muñoz Saiz|MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR WALLS, TABIQUES, CLOSURES AND SIMILAR|
    IT1402901B1|2010-11-25|2013-09-27|Caboni|MODULAR STRUCTURE, PARTICULARLY FOR BUILDING.|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201700003A|ES2690410B1|2016-12-16|2016-12-16|Modular construction system for partitions, walls, ventilated or insulated facades|ES201700003A| ES2690410B1|2016-12-16|2016-12-16|Modular construction system for partitions, walls, ventilated or insulated facades|
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